Oct 24, 2018 ... MILITARY PAY | Let's Talk About My Check. 1.8 ... I Tried Army Special ... United States Army Basic Combat Training, Fort Jackson | 2023 (1st).The official colors of the Army are black and army yellow. Black represents knowledge and the law, while gold symbolizes honor and the Army’s achievements. Individual branches of t...Military Basic/Drill Pay Tables 2023. <2. O-10. O-9. O-8. O-7. O-6. O-5. O-4. O-3. O-2. O-1. 12,170.70 10,113.00 7,669.20 6,393.30 5,516.40 4,849.80 4,190.70 …All about Basic Salary in India - What is Basic Salary and How it differs from the net salary? ... Equivalent Ranks of Commissioned Officers in Army, Navy and Air Force. TDS Rates. TDS on Salary. TDS Return Due Date. TDS Refund. Form 15G and 15H. Section 143-1. Section 194J. Section 10. Section 80C. Section 80D.Jan 1, 2024 · Comparatively, the average pay for military training in the United States is $ 41,075 per year and $ 3,422 per month. In addition, the base pay for U.S. military trainees at the E1 rank is higher than that of ZA army soldiers in their first year. The salary for the ZA Army recruits during training is structured differently from the regular ... Dec 12, 2022 · Philippine Army Salary Grade 2023. As you can see, a soldier’s monthly salary in the Philippines can range from Php 30,000 to Php 150,000 if you become a general. The salary of a lieutenant can range from Php 43,800 to Php 49,500. A master sergeant earns Php 33,411 per month, a staff sergeant earns Php 32,114 per month, and a private earns ... 1116.00 note--basic pay for o7-o10 is limited to level ii of the executive schedule during 2019 ($16,025.10) note--basic pay for o6 and below is limited to level v of the executive schedule in effect during 2019 ($12,999.90) warrant officers enlisted members.Paygrade E-3. E-3 is the 3rd enlisted paygrade in the United States military, with monthly basic pay ranging from $2,377.50 for an entry-level E-3 to $2,680.20 per month for E-3 personnel with over 40 years of experience. The civilian equivalent of this military grade is roughly GS-3 under the federal government's General Schedule payscale.Paygrade E-6. E-7. E-6 is the 6th enlisted paygrade in the United States military, with monthly basic pay ranging from $3,135.60 for an entry-level E-6 to $4,856.40 per month for E-6 personnel with over 40 years of experience. The civilian equivalent of this military grade is roughly GS-5 under the federal government's General Schedule payscale.cadet 1273.20 note--basic pay for o7-o10 is limited to level ii of the executive schedule during 2023 ($17,675.10) note--basic pay for o6 and below is limited to level v of the executive schedule in effect during 2023 ($14,341.80) warrant officers enlisted members m o n t h l y b a s i c p a y t a b l e effective 1 january 2023 years of serviceYou can use the below formula: Basic salary = Gross salary – HRA – DA – Medical – Conveyance – Other allowances. If your employment contract mentions a percentage of the gross pay as the basic salary, the formula for calculation of the basic salary is as below. Basic pay = Percentage mentioned X Gross Pay.The first part of a soldier's salary is the U.S. Army basic pay, which increases as soldiers advance in rank. The basic pay is the starting point, and the U.S. Army's total compensation plan adds all other allowances, benefits and bonuses. The salary varies for each enlisted rank: Private (E1): $21,420 per year. Private (E2): $24,008 per year.E-9. Command Sergeant Major. CSM. Noncommissioned Officer. $76,446 - $118,696 per year. E-9. Sergeant Major of the Army. SMA. Noncommissioned Officer (Special)Nov 8, 2020 · An officer in the SA Army receives an average of R300 000 – R900 000 per annum. This means that sa army salary per month is definitely going to range between R30,000 – R90,000. The specific salaries are dependent on the rank of the officer. See the image below for more on South African military salary and their respective ranks. 5000. 146720. 22. 2023. 82380. 5870. 164560. so get Pakistan Army Pay Chart 2023 With Salary Ranks Basic Special Scale to know the exact information Pakistan Army Pay Chart 2023.Military Basic/Drill Pay Tables 2023. <2. O-10. O-9. O-8. O-7. O-6. O-5. O-4. O-3. O-2. O-1. 12,170.70 10,113.00 7,669.20 6,393.30 5,516.40 4,849.80 4,190.70 … 1116.00 note--basic pay for o7-o10 is limited to level ii of the executive schedule during 2019 ($16,025.10) note--basic pay for o6 and below is limited to level v of the executive schedule in effect during 2019 ($12,999.90) The complete Army basic training cycle is about 10 weeks, divided into three phases: Red, White and Blue, which last about three weeks each. After passing the final tests of the Blue Phase, your next step is the graduation ceremony, where you’ll get to celebrate your accomplishments with your friends and family. Lieutenant’s Salary: Second lieutenant’s salaries are little bit less than other officers in the army but the fringe benefits and some allowances cover it all up. The pay scale of 2 nd Lieutenant is BPS 17grade in the Pakistan Army. Their basic salary is around 41,000 with 4,080 special allowances, and 4,080 Adhoc allowances.Here’s a quick snapshot of what your monthly pay range will be if you complete one drill: 2024 Military Reserve Drill Pay: Selected Monthly Pay Ranges for 1 Drill. Up to 2 Years. 10-12 Years. 20-22 Years. Enlisted Members. $62.17-$120.83. $67.24-$217.16. $67.24-$258.84. A Specialist is a enlisted soldier in the United States Army at DoD paygrade E-4. A Specialist receives a monthly basic pay salary starting at $2,393 per month, with raises up to $2,906 per month once they have served for over 6 years. In addition to basic pay, Specialists may receive additional pay allowances for housing and food, as well as ... Dec 27, 2021 ... Pak army ranks, Insignia and basic pay scales / Pak army/ ISSB preparation@learninglanguageby3018. English Language by Ayesha Sabir•11K views. Reach out and we'll help you get there. CHAT. CONTACT A RECRUITER. 1-888-550-ARMY. Basic Training is the official start of your development into a Soldier in the U.S. Army. During this time, you'll learn the traditions, tactics, and methods to be successful in the Army and beyond. The Salvation Army is a global charity organization that provides assistance to those in need. It is one of the most well-known charities in the world and it is supported by genero...Before you can become a Soldier, you’ll first need to complete a form of Basic Training—Basic Combat Training for enlisted Soldiers and the Basic Officer Leadership Course for Army Officers, as well as any additional training your job may require. Over the course of your training, you’ll learn the skills, knowledge, and discipline needed to …These military pay tables apply to active members of the Navy, Marine Corps, Army, Air Force, Coast Guard and Space Force. 2023 Proposed Military Pay Raise A 4.6% pay raise has been proposed for ... notes on the officer positions. o-10: basic pay for o7-o10 is limited to level ii of the executive schedule during 2024 ($18,491.70). o-6: basic pay for o6 and below is limited to level v of the executive schedule in effect during 2024 ($15,000.00) FederalPay has archived documents showing military basic pay and allowances for every year since 1949. Click on any year to view or print the pay chart. 1949–1969. 1970–1979. 1980–1999. 2000–2009. 2010–2019.ARTICLE. Military Pay 101: Basic Pay, Allowances and S&I Pay. 5 minute read• Feb. 2, 2024. As an active-duty service member, you receive many benefits and …Summary. Basic Pay is the base salary for a soldier on active duty and counts for part of total military income. Basic Pay is electronically distributed on the 1st and 15th of every month, similar to many civilian jobs. Basic Pay for a soldier depends on length of service as well as rank (most enlisted soldiers enter the Army as a private).Without any allowances, the basic salary for a sepoy is 21,700 INR. ... Sepoys are raised to the rank of lance naik, and there are few distinctions between the ...Protecting the nation and preventing conflict, an Infantry Soldier is among the most active soldiers in the Army, with an incredibly varied, exciting role. £18,687 The minimum amount you’ll earn during training; £23,496 Your pay after completing basic trade training; Age From 16 years & 0 months to 35 years & 6 monthsMilitary Pay - Basic Pay Charts for 2021. All branches of the United States armed forces ( Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard) are paid a base salary determined by the 2021 Military Basic Pay Chart, with additional allowances for things such as housing and meals. Servicemembers are also compensated for hazardous duties and ...Monthly Basic Pay rates for officers and enlisted soldiers are shown on the Department of Defense Military Pay Tables. Basic pay for an O-7 to O-10 is limited by Level II of the Executive Schedule During 2024 ($18,491.70) Basic pay for O-6 and below is limited by Level V of the Executive Schedule in effect during 2024 (15,000.00)Just 77 military families across the Air Force, Army and Navy received the Basic Needs Allowance in 2023 — about 1% of almost 6,000 troops deemed potentially …Donating your old furniture to the Salvation Army is a great way to help those in need and declutter your home. But did you know that you can also get a tax deduction for your dona...A Second Lieutenant is a commissioned officer in the United States Army at DoD paygrade O-1. A Second Lieutenant receives a monthly basic pay salary starting at $3,477 per month, with raises up to $4,376 per month once they have served for over 3 years. In addition to basic pay, Second Lieutenants may receive additional pay allowances for ...Paygrade E-4. E-4 is the 4th enlisted paygrade in the United States military, with monthly basic pay ranging from $2,633.70 for an entry-level E-4 to $3,197.40 per month for E-4 personnel with over 40 years of experience. The civilian equivalent of this military grade is roughly GS-4 under the federal government's General Schedule payscale.The pay for an Army doctor may not be as high as that of a provider in private practice. Basic pay for an Army captain is $44,543 a year [source: U.S. Army], while the median salary of a general practice civilian physician is $119,122 [source: Pay Scale].But completing a residency in a qualified field can bring a $75,000 bonus [source: U.S. … See the Army Pay Scales. The pay charts below show the basic pay (base annual salary before bonuses) for enlisted Soldiers, Warrant Officers, and commissioned Officers, sorted by years of experience and rank. Active Duty: Soldiers who work in the Army full time. You can use the below formula: Basic salary = Gross salary – HRA – DA – Medical – Conveyance – Other allowances. If your employment contract mentions a percentage of the gross pay as the basic salary, the formula for calculation of the basic salary is as below. Basic pay = Percentage mentioned X Gross Pay.Salary:- Rs. 75,000. Grade Pay:- Rs. 6,100. Major:- The individuals who have served the Indian Army as a Captain for a certain period of 6 years are promoted to the higher rank of a Major. However, the promotion will depend upon the exceptional service and service period of the individual t deserve the rank of a Major.The basic salary of the recruit will be between Rs. 21,700/- to Rs. 69,100/-. ... However, if we compare the average monthly salary of both the organizations and analyze the BSF vs Army salary, we come to a conclusion that the Indian Army offers a higher salary to its recruits than Border Security Force.2024 Military Pay Chart Grade >2 Years 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 O-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70How to use the High-3 military retirement calculator. If you joined between Sept. 8, 1980, and July 31, 1986, you can use the High-3 Calculator to figure out your estimated base pay. This retirement plan offers a pension after 20 years of service that equals 2.5% of your average basic pay for your three highest-paid years or 36 months, …2024 Military Pay Chart Grade >2 Years 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 O-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70Salary:- Rs. 75,000. Grade Pay:- Rs. 6,100. Major:- The individuals who have served the Indian Army as a Captain for a certain period of 6 years are promoted to the higher rank of a Major. However, the promotion will depend upon the exceptional service and service period of the individual t deserve the rank of a Major.. Basic Pay is the base salary for a soldier on active duty and counts for part of total military income. Basic Pay is electronically distributed on the 1st and 15th of every …Oct 2, 2023 ... Under current military pay scales, the most junior troops make about $21,000 in salary. Individuals with ranks E-4 and above and those who have ...Basic Needs Allowance (BNA) Blended Retirement System Resource Center. 2023 Active Duty Basic Pay. 2023 Reserve Drill Pay.Indian Army Soldier salary in India ranges between ₹ 2.5 Lakhs to ₹ 10.0 Lakhs with an average annual salary of ₹ 6.5 Lakhs. Salary estimates are based ...76720. 5000. 146720. 22. 2023. 82380. 5870. 164560. Pakistan Army Captain Salary 2024 Basic Pay Scale is here captain is 45,000 and maximum 51,780 pay details of Basic Pay Scale for captain.Jun 5, 2020 ... No one should join the military for the money. But it is good to know what you can expect and when. Let's talk about Military Pay (for all ...The budget also includes a proposed 4.5% pay increase for uniformed servicemembers, making them the only members of the federal workforce who would …The salary of a Subedar Major in the Indian Army ranges from approximately at a pay scale of 9,300-34,800 (Level 8), depending on factors like rank, years of service, and promotions. Along with the basic pay, Subedar Majors receive various allowances such as dearness allowance, transport allowance, and field area allowance, contributing to their overall …A Private Second Class is a enlisted soldier in the United States Army at DoD paygrade E-2. A Private Second Class receives a monthly basic pay salary starting at $2,055 per month, with raises up to $2,055 per month once they have served for over 2 years. In addition to basic pay, Private Second Classs may receive additional pay allowances for ...A Private First Class is a enlisted soldier in the United States Army at DoD paygrade E-3. A Private First Class receives a monthly basic pay salary starting at $2,161 per month, with raises up to $2,436 per month once they have served for over 3 years. In addition to basic pay, Private First Classs may receive additional pay allowances for ...The Indian Army follows a structured pay scale defined by the 7th Pay Commission. The Indian Army Salary ranges from ₹21,700 to ₹2,50,000. Among the various components of the overall compensation for government employees, including those in the Indian Army, the basic salary constitutes a substantial portion, typically ranging …Basic Pay is the base salary for a soldier on active duty and counts for part of total military income. Basic Pay is electronically distributed on the 1st and 15th of every month, similar...A Major General is a general officer in the United States Army at DoD paygrade O-8. A Major General receives a monthly basic pay salary starting at $11,636 per month, with raises up to $16,774 per month once they have served for over 34 years. In addition to basic pay, Major Generals may receive additional pay allowances for housing and food ...The pay scale for the Indian Army ranges from ₹ 21,700 to ₹ 2,50,000, as per the 7th Pay Commission. The basic salary constitutes a significant portion, typically ranging from … Indian Army Salary 2022- Basic Pay and Grade Pay. Indian Army Grade Pay is the amount that government employees receive depending on the employee’s category, class, and pay band. Grade pay is calculated based on an employee’s post according to the 7th pay commission. Indian Army Basic Pay is the base income of an employee, comprising 35-50% ... Basic pay for an E-1 with less than 4 months of active duty is $1,378.80." E-9: For the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy, Chief Master Sergeant of the AF, Sergeant Major of the Army or Marine Corps or Senior Enlisted Advisor of the JCS, basic pay is $7,609.50.A Major is a field officer in the United States Army at DoD paygrade O-4. A Major receives a monthly basic pay salary starting at $5,274 per month, with raises up to $8,805 per month once they have served for over 18 years.. In addition to basic pay, Majors may receive additional pay allowances for housing and food, as well as special incentive pay for …May 19, 2020 ... While in basic training or Bootcamp you get paid every 1st and 15th of the month. In today's video, I break down your military pay while at ...5000. 146720. 22. 2023. 82380. 5870. 164560. so get Pakistan Army Pay Chart 2023 With Salary Ranks Basic Special Scale to know the exact information Pakistan Army Pay Chart 2023.When it comes to outdoor adventures, having a reliable and durable tent is essential. Army surplus tents are a popular choice among outdoor enthusiasts due to their rugged construc...Oct 24, 2018 ... MILITARY PAY | Let's Talk About My Check. 1.8 ... I Tried Army Special ... United States Army Basic Combat Training, Fort Jackson | 2023 (1st).A new officer's basic pay begins at $3,826.20 in 2024, while a more senior officer with a paygrade of O-4, having served more than 10 years, will receive $8,684.10 …Majors earn the following amounts when in the Army Reserve: Less than two years of experience: $11,584.44. Four years of experience: $14,503.23. Six years of experience: $15,333.57. Eight years of experience: $16,225.02. Related:10 Possible Benefits of Joining the US Army (With Tips)Commandoes of Para regiment are awarded special or extra salary because of the rigorous nature of their profession. Over and above the standard army allowances which are authorized depending upon the sector where an individual serves, a sepoy rank soldier of Para SF gets Rs. 17,300/-per month as special forces allowance and Rs. …The lowest salary by a private classify which is E1 earns GHC 9,893.57 a month. When the E2 classification is reached as a private soldier, the salary grows to GHC 11,089.27 a month. A private first class with an E3 designation begins with GHC 11,662.86 in a month and within a space of two (2) years, it increases to GHC 12,394.84 a month.The First World War was a defining moment in British history and the lives of those who served in the British Army during this time have been documented in archives across the coun...Monthly Basic Pay rates for officers and enlisted soldiers are shown on the Department of Defense Military Pay Tables. Basic pay for an O-7 to O-10 is limited by Level II of the Executive Schedule During 2024 ($18,491.70) Basic pay for O-6 and below is limited by Level V of the Executive Schedule in effect during 2024 (15,000.00)The U.S. Army is one of the largest and most respected branches of the military. It offers a wide range of career opportunities for those looking to serve their country. The first ...It accumulates over the years starting with 10% of the PNP personnel’s basic salary in year 5. Another 10% will be added to the PNP personnel’s longevity pay in year 10. This continues every 5 years until the total longevity pay equals 50% of the basic pay. Here is a table of the longevity pay: PNP Rank:A Private First Class is a enlisted soldier in the United States Army at DoD paygrade E-3. A Private First Class receives a monthly basic pay salary starting at $2,161 per month, with raises up to $2,436 per month once they have served for over 3 years. In addition to basic pay, Private First Classs may receive additional pay allowances for ...The role of the Nigerian Army is stated in sections 217 to 220 of the 1999 Constitution, Whereas, rank is a position in an organization to show the level of authority for easy management of a group. Rank in the armed forces indicates the status or position of military personnel. The top rank in the Nigerian Army is Field Marshal.Jul 19, 2023 · In July 2023, the Government announced a 2023/24 pay rise for members of the army (and the rest of the armed forces) of 5%. In addition, all full-time UK Regular personnel will receive a £1,000 increase in basic salary. A Colonel is a field officer in the United States Army at DoD paygrade O-6. A Colonel receives a monthly basic pay salary starting at $7,332 per month, with raises up to $12,980 per month once they have served for over 30 years. In addition to basic pay, Colonels may receive additional pay allowances for housing and food, as well as special ... Summary. Basic Pay is the base salary for a soldier on active duty and counts for part of total military income. Basic Pay is electronically distributed on the 1st and 15th of every month, similar to many civilian jobs. Basic Pay for a soldier depends on length of service as well as rank (most enlisted soldiers enter the Army as a private). cadet 1273.20 note--basic pay for o7-o10 is limited to level ii of the executive schedule during 2023 ($17,675.10) note--basic pay for o6 and below is limited to level v of the executive schedule in effect during 2023 ($14,341.80) warrant officers enlisted members m o n t h l y b a s i c p a y t a b l e effective 1 january 2023 years of service cadet 1273.20 note--basic pay for o7-o10 is limited to level ii of the executive schedule during 2023 ($17,675.10) note--basic pay for o6 and below is limited to level v of the executive schedule in effect during 2023 ($14,341.80) warrant officers enlisted members m o n t h l y b a s i c p a y t a b l e effective 1 january 2023 years of service The basic army pay scales provide 35-50 per cent of the overall salary for government personnel. The Indian army wage slip is supplemented by allowances and incentives …Salary Competitive Salary. The CAF offers competitive salaries. Your skills, knowledge, experience and training can impact your starting salary. As a new direct entry recruit in the Regular Force, you could earn anywhere from $3,492 to $5,123 per month, while you complete basic training.Indian Army Sepoy/Rifleman Salary. The initial Indian army rank, but according to the Indian army salary, Sepoy gets a good amount of salary per month. Salary of Indian army jawan with allowances is 21,700 Rs per month. Irrespective of the caste, color, and creed, anyone between 17 to 21 years of age can apply for the same.Infantryman (11B) Salary . Total compensation for this position includes food, housing, special pay, medical, and vacation time. If you enlist under certain MOS codes in the Army, you may also be eligible for certain cash bonuses of up to $40,000 if the HR specialist job is considered one of the Army's Jobs in Demand. A newly recruited soldier would earn around BDT 8,000 to 15,000 per month as basic pay, along with allowances and perks. This pay scale increases based on their rank, duration of service and location of posting. **Q. What is the retirement benefit for Army personnel?**. The first part of a soldier's salary is the U.S. Army basic pay, which increases as soldiers advance in rank. The basic pay is the starting point, and the U.S. Army's total compensation plan adds all other allowances, benefits and bonuses. The salary varies for each enlisted rank: Private (E1): $21,420 per year. Private (E2): $24,008 per year.The number of armies a player is provided at the start of a game of Risk depends upon how many people are participating in the game. Two to six people typically play Risk. If only ...Pay. There are various types of pay. Basic pay is received by all and is the main component of an individual's salary. The other pays, often referred to as special and incentive pays, are for specific qualifications or events. For example, there are special pays for aviators and parachutists; special pays are also paid for dangerous or hardship ... A Captain is a commissioned officer in the United States Army at DoD paygrade O-3. A Captain receives a monthly basic pay salary starting at $4,637 per month, with raises up to $7,544 per month once they have served for over 14 years. In addition to basic pay, Captains may receive additional pay allowances for housing and food, as well as ... Lieutenant BPS 17.2nd Lieutenant at BPS-17.Subedar Major with BPS 16 man salary 43,960. Subedar at BPS- 15 amx salary 38,960,.Naib Subedar at BPS 13 max salary 31,150. or 14 scale and max salary is 34,040. These are explained well versed about the Pakistan Army Ranks And Salary 2024 Pay Scale. Battalion Havaldar Major at BPS …A lieutenant’s salary can range from Php 43,800 to Php 49,500. A master sergeant’s salary is Php 33,411/month, a staff sergeant’s salary is Php 32,114/month, and a private’s salary is Php 29,668/month. In addition, here is the salary grade of other military personnel in the Philippines.As Government employees, the basic army pay scales comprise 35-50% of the total salary. The Indian army salary slip is increased with allowances and bonuses …Military Pay - Basic Pay Charts for 2024. All branches of the United States armed forces ( Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard) are paid a base salary determined by the 2024 Military Basic Pay Chart, with additional allowances for things such as housing and meals. Servicemembers are also compensated for hazardous duties and ...Reach out and we'll help you get there. CHAT. CONTACT A RECRUITER. 1-888-550-ARMY. Basic Training is the official start of your development into a Soldier in the U.S. Army. During this time, you'll learn the traditions, tactics, and methods to be successful in the Army and beyond.The basic salary of the recruit will be between Rs. 21,700/- to Rs. 69,100/-. ... However, if we compare the average monthly salary of both the organizations and analyze the BSF vs Army salary, we come to a conclusion that the Indian Army offers a higher salary to its recruits than Border Security Force.Feb 5, 2024 ... Deployed to Afghanistan: $2,507.10 basic pay + $386.50 BAS + $1,908 BAH + $250 Family Separation Allowance + $225 Imminent Danger Pay + $150 ...2024 Military Pay Chart Grade >2 Years 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 O-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70 18,491.70Basic pay for an O-7 to O-10 is limited by Level II of the Executive Schedule in effect during Calendar Year 2023 which is: 17,675.10 This includes officers serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine ...The pay scale for Indian Army officials ranges from INR 21,700 to INR 2,50,000, with grade pay levels ranging from 3 to 18. The Indian Army salary varies based on various factors such as rank, experience, and allowances. Along with the basic Indian Army salary per month, officials are also entitled to various allowances and benefits.2016, the existing pay (Pay in Pay Band plus Grade Pay) ... MSP will continue to be reckoned as Basic Pay for purposes of ... under the Army, they would also be ... ---1